Mold forming classification

Kuumba mold zvinoreva kugadzirwa kwezvikamu uye zvigadzirwa kuburikidza nekugadzira uye kushandisa mold. Mold molding inogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei marudzi, compression molding, jekiseni kuumba, extrusion molding, jekiseni molding, hollow molding, die-cast molding, etc.

(1) Kuumbwa kwekumanikidza

Inowanzozivikanwa sechinyorwa chekuumba, ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekutanga dzekugadzira zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Compression molding ndeyekuwedzera plastiki yakananga muvhu rakavhurika mold ine imwe tembiricha, wobva wavhara mold. Pasi pechiito chekupisa uye kumanikidzwa, plastiki inonyunguduka uye inova nyika inoyerera. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemuviri uye yemakemikari, ipurasitiki inoomesa kuita chikamu chepurasitiki ine imwe chimiro uye saizi inoramba isina kuchinjika pakudziya kwekamuri. Compression molding inonyanya kushandiswa kuumba thermosetting mapurasitiki, akadai se phenolic molding powder, urea-formaldehyde uye melamine formaldehyde molding powder, glass fiber reinforced phenolic plastics, epoxy resin, DAP resin, silicone resin, polyimide, etc. Inogonawo kuumba uye kugadzirisa. unsaturated polyester mass (DMC), sheet molding compound (SMC), prefabricated monolithic molding compound (BMC), etc. Kazhinji kutaura, compression molds dzinowanzopatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: mhando yekufashukira, rudzi rusingafashuki, uye semi-fashukira mhando maererano. kune iyo inofananidzwa chimiro chepamusoro uye yakadzika molds ye compression film.

(2) Kuumba jekiseni

Plastiki inotanga kuwedzerwa kumudziyo wekupisa wemushini wejekiseni. Ipurasitiki inopisa uye yakanyunguduka. Inotyairwa nescrew kana plunger yemuchina wejekiseni, inopinda mugomba rekuumbwa kuburikidza nemuromo uye mold yekudira system. Iyo yakaomeswa uye yakaumbwa nekuda kwemuviri uye makemikari mhedzisiro kuti ive jekiseni molding. zvigadzirwa. Jekiseni molding ine kutenderera kunosanganisira jekiseni, kumanikidza kubata (kutonhora) uye epurasitiki chikamu chekudhiza maitiro, saka jekiseni kuumba kune cyclical maitiro. Thermoplastic jekiseni kuumba ine ipfupi kuumbwa kutenderera, yakakwirira kugadzirwa kunyatsoita, uye kushoma kupera pa mold nekunyungudika. Inogona kuumba huwandu hukuru hwezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvine maumbirwo akaomarara, maitiro akajeka epamusoro uye maratidziro, uye nehupamhi hwepamusoro-soro; zvisinei, kune mapurasitiki ane kuchinja kukuru mumadziro emadziro, zvikamu, zvakaoma kudzivisa kukanganisa kuumba. Anisotropy yezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvakare imwe yematambudziko emhando, uye ese angaite matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuti adzikise.

(3) Extrusion molding

Iyo inzira yekuumba inobvumira plastiki mune viscous flow state kuti ipfuure nefa ine yakananga-chikamu chechimiro pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumwe kudzvanywa, wozoigadzira kuita chimiro chinoenderera neinodiwa muchinjika-chikamu chimiro pane imwe. tembiricha yakaderera. Iyo nzira yekugadzira ye extrusion molding inosanganisira kugadzirira kwekugadzira zvinhu, extrusion kuumbwa, kutonhora uye kuumbwa, kudhonza uye kucheka, uye post-kugadziriswa kwezvakagadzirwa zvigadzirwa (tempering kana kupisa kurapwa). Munguva ye extrusion molding process, teerera kugadzirisa tembiricha yeimwe neimwe yekudziya chikamu che extruder barrel uye kufa kufa, screw kutenderera kumhanya, traction kumhanya uye mamwe maparamita ekuita kuti uwane akakodzera extrusion profiles. Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa pakugadzirisa chiyero icho iyo polymer inonyungudika inoburitswa kubva mukufa. Nekuti kana iyo extrusion mwero wezvakanyungudutswa wakadzikira, iyo extrudate ine yakatsetseka pamusoro uye yunifomu yemuchinjikwa-chikamu chimiro; asi kana iyo extrusion rate yezvakanyungudutswa inosvika pane imwe muganhu, iyo yepamusoro ye extrudate inova yakaoma uye inorasikirwa nekupenya kwayo. , ganda re shark, mitsara yeorenji peel, kukanganisa chimiro uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinoonekwa. Kana iyo extrusion chiyero ichiwedzerwa, iyo extrudate pamusoro inoshatiswa uye inotobvisa uye inotyora kuita zvimedu zvinonyunguduka kana masilinda. Naizvozvo, kutonga kweiyo extrusion rate kwakakosha.

(4) Pressure injection molding

Iyi nzira yekuumba inonziwo transfer molding. Iko kuwedzera midziyo yepurasitiki mukamuri yekudyisa preheated, wobva waisa mbiru yekumanikidza mukamuri yekudyisa kuti uvhare mold, uye isa kumanikidza kupurasitiki kuburikidza nekoramu yekumanikidza. Ipurasitiki inonyunguduka munzvimbo inoyerera pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa kukuru, uye inopinda mumhango ye mold kuburikidza nekudurura. Zvishoma nezvishoma inoomesa kuita zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Pressure injection molding inokodzera mapurasitiki ari pasi pane akasimba. Plastics inogona kuumbwa mumusimboti inogona kuumbwa nekuumbwa kwejekiseni. Nekudaro, iyo yekuumba inodiwa kuti ive yakanaka fluidity munzvimbo yakanyungudutswa kana yakadzikira pane yekugadzika tembiricha, uye ine yakakura kusimba mwero kana yakakwira kupfuura yekuomesa tembiricha.

(5) Kuumba buri

Iko kugadzirisa tubular kana sheet blank yakagadzirwa ne extrusion kana jekiseni uye ichiri mu plasticized state mu mold mold, uye nekukasika kusuma mweya wakatsikirirwa kuti umanikidzire blank kuti iwedzere uye kunamatira kumadziro emugodhi. Nzira yekugadzira iyo inodiwa gomba chigadzirwa inowanikwa nekudhiza mushure mekutonhodza uye kuumbwa. Mapurasitiki akakodzera kuumbwa kwegomba ndeye-high-pressure polyethylene, polyethylene yakaoma, polyvinyl chloride yakapfava, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, etc. Maererano nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuumbwa kweparison, kuumbwa kwepaburi kunonyanya kukamurwa kuva marudzi maviri: extrusion bhobho kuumba uye jekiseni blow molding. Kubatsira kwe extrusion blow molding ndeyekuti chimiro che extruder uye extrusion blow mold chiri nyore. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti madziro emadziro eparison haaenderani, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwemadziro ezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Chakanakira jekiseni blow molding ndechekuti ukobvu hwemadziro eparison hwakafanana uye hapana maflash edges. Sezvo jekiseni parisoni ine pasi pepamusoro, hapazovi ne seams uye seams pazasi pechigadzirwa chisina kunaka, icho chisiri chakanaka chete asiwo chakakwirira musimba. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti michina yekuumba uye molds inoshandiswa inodhura, saka iyi nzira yekuumba inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirwa kwemazhinji madiki maburi zvigadzirwa, uye haisati yashandiswa zvakanyanya seye extrusion blow molding nzira.

(6) Die casting molding

Die casting ndiyo chidimbu chepressure casting. Iyo die-casting process ndeyekuwedzera epurasitiki mbishi mukamuri yekudyisa preheated, uye wozoisa kumanikidza kune yekumanikidza column. Plastiki inonyunguduka pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa kukuru, inopinda mugomba kuburikidza nekudururira kwe mold, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoomesa kuita chimiro. Iyi nzira yekuumba inonzi die-casting. Iyo mold inoshandiswa inonzi die-casting mold. Rudzi urwu rwekuumbwa runonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira thermosetting mapurasitiki.

Mold molding ndeimwe yemaitiro akakosha ekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana semapurasitiki nesimbi. Uye zvakare, kune furo epurasitiki yekuumba molds, girazi faibha yakasimbisa epurasitiki yakaderera-kumanikidza kuumba molds, nezvimwe.

Mold molding inogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, misimboti ye deformation yakasiyana, michina yekuumba yakasiyana, kuumbwa kwechokwadi, etc. Kunzwisisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuumba kuchakubatsira kuita sarudzo yakanakisisa pakusarudza nzira yekugadzira uye kudzivisa kurasikirwa kusingakoshi kunokonzerwa nesarudzo dzisina kunaka.